PART III  -  TOURISM’S ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL RELATIONS
Tourism Geography, 3rd edition

CHAPTER ABSTRACTS & KEY CONCEPTS
Chapter 4 - Costs and benefits: the local economic landscape of tourism 
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Tourism developments not only alter the physical environments of destinations, but also exert a range of economic effects. These will vary from place to place, depending upon the context and form of tourism development that is occurring and the nature of the national or local economy in question. These are also influenced by range of impacts on a country’s balance of payments accounts, national and regional economic growth, and employment opportunities. For developing economies, tourism may increase levels of foreign dependence and, in many contexts, may produce low quality employment.
  1. Balance of Trade/Payments
  2. Economic Development
  3. Economic Multipliers
  4. Economic Regeneration
  5. Fordism
  6. Niche Markets
  7. Physical Development
  8. Regulation Theory
  9. Resorts
  10. Tourism Development
  11. Tourism Employment/Labour
  12. Tourism Zones
  13. Tourist Enclave
  14. Transnational Corporations
Chapter 5 - Tourism, sustainability and environmental change 
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The environmental effects of tourism are broadly experienced through its impacts on ecosystems, landscapes and the built environment. As the environmental problems associated with tourism have become more apparent, greater attention has been focused on ways of producing environmentally sustainable patterns of development and alternative forms of tourism that produce fewer detrimental impacts on destination environments. However, truly sustainable tourism has often proven to be elusive, and there are risks that alternative tourisms, in time, develop into mass forms of travel, along with all of the attendant problems that such a development tends to produce.
  1. Alternative Tourism
  2. Biodiversity Impacts
  3. Carrying Capacity (CC)
  4. Environmental Change
  5. Environmental Impact Statements (EIS)
  6. Environmental Impacts
  7. Global Warming
  8. Greenhouse Gases (GHG)
  9. Greenwashing
  10. Holistic Approach
  11. Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC)
  12. Spatial Zoning
  13. Sustainability/Sustainable Development
  14. Sustainable Tourism
  15. Tourism/visitor Management
  16. Visual Pollution
Chapter 6 - Socio-cultural relations and experiences in tourism

Through contact between tourists and the societies and cultures that they tour, tourism has the power to alter socio-cultural structures in destination areas, even though the precise forms of such effects are often uncertain and spatially variable. The range of possible socio-cultural effects include: issues of cultural commodification and (mis)representation; the introduction of new moral codes; and the promotion of new social value systems. However, while the tendency is to represent tourism as a form of socio-cultural ‘pollution’, there is evidence to show that processes of cultural influence are often two-way.
  1. Acculturation
  2. Authenticity
  3. Commodification
  4. Critical Geography
  5. Cultural Capital
  6. Cultural Distance
  7. Cultural Exchange
  8. Demonstration Affect
  9. Destination Image
  10. Empowerment
  11. Irridex
  12. Mobilities
  13. Performance
  14. Postmodernism
  15. Power Relationships
  16. Pseudo-Events
  17. Social Values
  18. Staged Authenticity
  19. Tourism and Crime
  20. Tourism Encounters
  21. Tourism Language
CASE STUDIES

Chapter 4   Costs and benefits: the local economic landscape of tourism
Chapter 5   Tourism, sustainability and environmental change
Chapter 6   Socio-cultural relations and experiences in tourism    
TOURISM NEWS:  IMPACTS (Social, Cultural, Political, Economic and Environmental Relations and Impacts of Tourism Activity, Behaviour and Development)
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